Includes bibliographical references (pages 529-531)

Theories as partially interpreted formal systems / Rudolf Carnap -- A logical appraisal of operationism / Carl G. Hempel -- The ontological status of theoretical entities / Grover Maxwell -- Do we see through a microscope? / Ian Hacking -- Models and theories / Marshall Spector -- To save the phenomena / Bas C. van Fraassen -- The reality of causes in a world of instrumental laws / Nancy Cartwright -- The anti-realist epistemology of van Fraassen's The scientific image / Paul M. Churchland -- Explanation and reference / Hilary Putnam -- And not anti-realism either / Arthur Fine -- How to be a good empiricist : a plea for tolerance in matters epistemological / P.K. Feyerabend -- Reason, reference, and the quest for knowledge / Dudley Shapere

Two dogmas of methodology / Larry Laudan -- Studies in the logic of explanation / Carl G. Hempel and Paul Oppenheim -- Statistical explanation and its models / Wesley C. Salmon -- The truth doesn't explain much / Nancy Cartwright -- Towards an Aristotelian theory of scientific explanation / B.A. Brody -- Can there be a model of explanation? / Peter Achinstein -- The pragmatics of explanation / Bas C. van Fraassen -- Causation or explanation / Michael Scriven -- Causes and conditions / J.L. Mackie -- The laws of nature / Hans Reichenbach -- Studies in the logic of confirmation / Carl G. Hempel -- Statistical and inductive probability / Rudolf Carnap -- On inductive logic / Rudolf Carnap -- The new riddle of induction / Nelson Goodman

Implications of personal probability for induction / Leonard J. Savage -- The inference to the best explanation / Gilbert H. Harman -- Relevant evidence / Clark Glymour -- The role of crucial experiments in science / Imre Lakatos -- Objectivity, value judgment, and theory choice / Thomas S. Kuhn -- From theories to research traditions / Larry Laudan -- Philosophy of science naturalized / Ronald N. Giere -- Is there a logic of scientific discovery? / Norwood Russell Hanson -- Why was the logic of discovery abandoned? / Larry Laudan -- The logic of discovery : an analysis of three approaches / Martin V. Curd -- The relativity of space / Henri Poincaré -- The nature of geometry / Hans Reichenbach

The twin sisters : philosophy and geometry / Wesley C. Salmon -- Mechanistic explanation and organismic biology / Ernest Nagel -- Explanation and teleology / Larry Wright -- Functional analysis / Robert Cummins -- The reduction of teleological sciences / B.A. Brody -- Teleology redux / Michael Ruse