Includes bibliographical references.

1. Fate and freedom -- Illiad / Homer -- Zeus answers a few awkward questions / Lucian -- A. Praise, blame, and responsibility for our actions -- Nicomachean ethics / Aristotle -- The stoics on fate -- On fate / Alexander of Aphrodisias -- The stoics on moral responsibility -- On fate / Cicero -- Attic nights / Aulus Gellius -- On fate / Alexander of Aphrodisias -- On nature / Epicurus -- Epicurean inscription fragment / Diogenes of Oenoanda -- On the nature of things / Lucretius -- B. Responsibilty for the lives we lead -- Republic / Plato -- Handbook of Platonism / Alcinous -- C. Divine foreknowledge of the future -- On fate / Alexander of Aphrodisias -- The consolation of philosophy / Boethius -- D. Is the future fixed? -- On interpretation / Aristotle -- The master argument ( Discourses / Epictetus ) / Diodorus Cronus -- The stoics on possibility and necessity -- On fate / Cicero -- On fate / Alexander of Aphrodisias

2. Reason and emotion -- A. Explanation of inner conflict -- Republic / Plato -- Phaedrus / Plato -- B. What is an emotion? -- Rhetoric II / Aristotle -- Nicomachean ethics / Aristotle -- The early stoics on emotions -- On anger / Seneca -- C. A test case -- Medea / Euripides -- Discourses I / Epictetus -- On the doctrines of Hippocrates and Plato III / Galen -- D. Reason, the emotions, and faith -- The fourth book of Maccabees selections -- 3. Knowledge, belief, and skepticism -- A. Knowledge and expertise -- Laches / Plato -- B. Knowledge and true belief -- Meno / Plato -- Theaetetus / Plato -- C. Relativism -- Theaetetus / Plato -- D. The structure of a system of knowledge -- Republic / Plato -- Posterior analytics I / Aristotle -- Metaphysics / Aristotle -- Parts of animals I / Aristotle -- E. Knowledge from experience -- Epicurus on knowledge -- The stoics on knowledge -- F. Skepticism -- Theaetetus / Plato -- Outlines of Pyrrhonism I / Sextus Empiricus

4. Metaphysical questions -- A. Reality and paradox -- The way of truth / Parmenides -- Arguments against motion / Zeno of Elea -- B. Plato's forms : for and against -- Phaedo / Plato -- Symposium / Plato -- Republic / Plato -- Parmenides / Plato -- Lives of the philosophers VI / Diogenes of Sinope -- The stoics on Plato's forms -- On forms / Aristotle -- C. Cause and explanation -- The sacred disease / Hippocratic writings -- Phaedo / Plato -- On coming-to-be and passing-away II / Aristotle -- Physics / Aristotle -- Life of Pericles / Plutarch -- The Epicureans against teleology -- D. Time -- Physics IV / Aristotle -- The stoics on time -- confessions XI / Augustine -- 5. How should you live? -- A. The starting point for ethical reflection -- Rhetoric I / Aristotle -- Histories I / Herodotus -- B. The first theories: virtue and happiness -- Fragments on ethics / Democritus -- Gorgias / Plato -- C. The major theories -- Nicomachean ethics / Aristotle -- The stoics -- On final ends III / Cicero

The epicureans -- Letter to Menoeceus / Epicurus -- On final ends I / Cicero -- D. Different directions -- Theaetetus / Plato -- The gospel of Matthew -- Enneads I / Plotinus -- 6. Society and the state -- A. Is nature or convention the basis of society and the state? -- Protagoras / Plato -- Fragment / Antiphon the Sophist -- Gorgias / Plato -- Crito / Plato -- Republic / Plato -- Politics I / Aristotle -- Politics III / Aristotle -- Epicureans -- Priciple doctrines / Epicurus -- Epicurean inscription fragment / Diogenes of Oenoanda -- On duties / Cicero -- Stoicism -- On laws / Cicero -- B. Political rules: expertise and the rule of law -- Twofold arguments -- Republic / Plato -- Statesman / Plato -- Politics / Aristotle -- C. Democracy and the best form of government -- Histories III / Herodotus -- Selections / The old oligarch -- Politics IV / Aristotle -- Histories VI / Polybius.